Hintemann, R., Hinterholzer, S., Montevecchi, F., & Stickler, T. (2020). Energy-efficient Cloud Computing Technologies and Policies for an Eco-friendly Cloud Market. Berlin, Vienna: Borderstep Institute & Environment Agency Austria.

The energy consumption of data centres in the EU member states is expected to increase from 2.7 percent of electricity demand in 2018 to 3.2 percent by 2030. The study commissioned by the EU Commission shows how the rising power consumption of cloud services and data centres can be limited.