Fichter, K. (2002). E-Commerce – Sorting Out the Environmental Consequences. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 6(2), p. 25 – 41.

The environmental effects of e-commerce may be described in terms of first-, second-, and third-order effects. Data for these effects are scarce, partly because research on environmental effects of e-commerce and e-business is still in its infancy, although it is evolving very rapidly.