Bieser, J. C. T., Hintemann, R., Hilty, L. M., & Beucker, S. (2023). A review of assessments of the greenhouse gas footprint and abatement potential of information and communication technology. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 99, 107033.

We systematically compare relevant studies from the last ten years and discuss the robustness of results in view of the methods used. The results show that the ICT sector causes between 1.5% and 4% of global GHG emissions, a major share of which is due to the production of ICT end-user devices.