Coroamă, V. C., Hinterholzer, S., Dumbravă, O., & Hintemann, R. (2025). Energy Efficiency of Servers. Zürich, Berlin: Roegen Centre for Sustainability & Borderstep Institute. 

Data centers are growing rapidly—driven by cloud computing, AI, streaming, and IoT. As data volumes increase, so does energy demand, especially from servers. This study examines the development of server energy efficiency over the past decade and analyzes different device types: general-purpose servers, AI accelerators (GPU/TPU), and specialized ASIC servers, such as those used in cryptocurrency mining.